Human liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is a major foodborne parasitic zoonotic disease in Thailand and neighboring Mekong countries with over 10 million people infected. The infection is associated with several biliary diseases including chronic inflammation, gallstones, periductal fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a fatal liver cancer arising from the bile duct epithelium. The rates of CCA in regions where the parasite is endemic are unprecedented. Khon Kaen province in Northeast Thailand where O. viverrini is endemic has reported the highest incidence of CCA in the world. Extensive research on various aspects of the liver fluke infection and its associated diseases has been carried out in Thailand in recent decades. However, current status of O. viverrini infection in the country is approaching 85% prevalence in certain endemic areas even after over 30 years of several rounds of control program.
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